Issue 147

China Launches 4 Guowang Test Satellites

hina launched an LM-2D with four Guowang test satellites (69320–69323) from Xichang; all entered their preset orbits. The launch resembles the 1 April 2025 (HJS-6A–D) and 24 April 2026 (HJS-9A–D) missions — both LM-2D, four test satellites, 55° inclination. This group released near 450 km (similar to HJS-6, lower than HJS-9 at 505 km).

LM-2D launch of the four Guowang test satellites

Video embed — paste URL or use /embed in Ghost

The new satellites (69320–23) are inclined 55.0° with SMAs of ~449 km. On 6 June they held a 1.4° east RAAN offset from HJS-6, but SMA differences are precessing them west toward the HJS-6 plane at ~0.1°/day, so they will end up west of the HJS-6 group. By my count this brings the total to 27 Guowang test satellites on orbit.

Comparing the “low fliers”

China has launched three groups of four satellites into orbits about half the altitude of operational Guowang — all on LM-2Ds — likely testing China SatNet’s plans for an “inner shell.” Group 1 (HJS-6B–D, 63429–31; 63428 reentered 16 Oct 2025) is raising SMA ~50 km toward 501 km. Group 2 (HJS-9A–D, 68831–34) is actively maneuvering, SMAs 507–508 km, ~6° west RAAN offset from Group 1. Group 3 (69320–23) shows no maneuvers yet (not unusual); its eventual plane depends on the timing of SMA increases.

LM-2D liftoff
Ascent & banner

Fig. 9. LM-2D launch montage, four Guowang test satellites. (nasaspaceflight.com)

RAAN offsets
69320-23 vs HJS-6B–D (1.4°) and HJS-9A–D (7.4° east RAAN offset).

Fig. 10. Newest test satellites share 55° inclination with a 1.4° east RAAN offset from HJS-6, closing at ~0.1°/day. (saberastro.com)

§ Guowang Test-Launch Summary

Per Andrew Jones (SpaceNews, Apr 2021), ITU filings revealed plans for two “GW” LEO constellations totaling 12,992 satellites, spanning 500–1,145 km altitude and 30–85° inclination. China has now conducted ten test launches.

Table 3. The TJS catalog through TJS-25. * launched on LM-5 with extended fairing. (Gunther’s Space Page, celestrak.org)
#DateSatsCatalogVehicleSiteInclSMA
1*9 Jul 2023257288–89LM-2CJiuquan86.5°1,111 km
2*23 Nov 2023358425–27LM-2DXichang50.0°1,104 km
3*5 Dec 2023158505Jielong-3Yellow Sea86.5°1,111 km
4*30 Dec 2023358691–93LM-2CJiuquan50.0°1,104 km
530 Nov 2024162186LM-2CWenchang50.0°1,104 km
61 Apr 2025463428–31LM-2DJiuquan55.0°450–470 km
716 Sep 2025465617–20LM-2CJiuquan50.0°1,104 km
811 Apr 2026168687Jielong-3Yellow Sea86.5°1,004 km
924 Apr 2026468831–34LM-2DXichang55.0°~507 km
1031 May 2026469320–23LM-2DXichang55.0°~450 km
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Staff Analyst

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