Issue 147

Luch (Olymp) 2 Gets Up Close with Intelsat 39

The Joint Commercial Operations Cell (JCO) reported several <5 km closest approaches between Luch (Olymp) 2 (55841) and Intelsat 39 (44476). Luch (Olymp) 2 is a suspected Russian SIGINT satellite that roves the GEO belt, parking for months near Western communications satellites. It has loitered just east of Intelsat 39 since early March 2025, typically 10–60 km away.

Driven by Luch maneuvers, the two closed to <5 km from 2–4 June — and at 0812 UTC on 2 June, JCO reported them <1 km apart. Luch maneuvered again on 3 June and began separating ~1.5 km/day. Intelsat 39 maneuvered on 4 June (0913 UTC); by 5 June the two were ~19 km apart and separating ~4 km/day. TLE data then showed them <5 km apart again on 8 June (~0907 UTC).

Table 7. Close approaches, Luch (Olymp) 2 vs Intelsat 39, 31 May – 8 June 2026. (saberastro.com)
DateMin separationNote
2 Jun, 0812 UTC<1 kmClosest reported approach
2–4 Jun<5 kmMultiple POCAs (4, 3, 2 km)
4 Jun, 0913 UTCIntelsat 39 maneuvers
5 Jun~19 kmSeparating ~4 km/day
8 Jun, 0907 UTC<5 kmPair closes again
Why it matters

Western intelligence assesses the Luch vehicles as SIGINT “interceptors” that position within the narrow cone of uplink data beams to geostationary satellites — many of which fly older, unencrypted command links. Since 2023, Luch-2 has reportedly approached 17 European satellites. Officials judge it unlikely to jam or destroy directly, but capable of harvesting data on how such systems could be disrupted — potentially including the command links used for orbital adjustments.

For a full history of Luch activity, see Marco Langbroek’s blog; Ars Technica also published a February 2026 write-up based on a Financial Times investigation. (Editor’s note: Luch-1 (40258) is now in a graveyard orbit.) German space-command chief Maj. Gen. Michael Traut has described both vehicles as likely “doing SIGINT business.”
Layout note: the original issue quotes several paragraphs from the Ars Technica / Financial Times reporting here. In Ghost, place those sourced excerpts in styled quote cards (one short quote per source, attributed) — the paraphrased summary above carries the substance for readers who don’t click through.
FT graphic
Luch-2’s GEO maneuver history
SMA history
Luch (purple) & Intelsat 39 (red)

Fig. 12. Luch-2’s suspicious maneuvers (FT, ft.com); SMA histories, 31 May – 12 Jun (saberastro.com).

RIC frame — 2 Jun 2026
<5 km point of closest approach; absolute separation dips of 4, 3, 2, 6 km.

Fig. 13. 2 June closest approach and 31 May – 4 June absolute separation. (saberastro.com)

Author
Staff Analyst
Collaborators & Sources
JCO · Saber Astronautics · Financial Times · M. Langbroek